ABSTRACT
A bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) defective in glycoprotein E (gE) was constructed from a Brazilian genital BoHV-1 isolate, by replacing the full gE coding region with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene for selection. Upon co-transfection of MDBK cells with genomic viral DNA plus the GFP-bearing gE-deletion plasmid, three fluorescent recombinant clones were obtained out of approximately 5000 viral plaques. Deletion of the gE gene and the presence of the GFP marker in the genome of recombinant viruses were confirmed by PCR. Despite forming smaller plaques, the BoHV-1△gE recombinants replicated in MDBK cells with similar kinetics and to similar titers to that of the parental virus (SV56/90), demonstrating that the gE deletion had no deleterious effects on replication efficacy in vitro. Thirteen calves inoculated intramuscularly with BoHV-1△gE developed virus neutralizing antibodies at day 42 post-infection (titers from 2 to 16), demonstrating the ability of the recombinant to replicate and to induce a serological response in vivo. Furthermore, the serological response induced by recombinant BoHV-1△gE could be differentiated from that induced by wild-type BoHV-1 by the use of an anti-gE antibody ELISA kit. Taken together, these results indicated the potential application of recombinant BoHV-1 △gE in vaccine formulations to prevent the losses caused by BoHV-1 infections while allowing for differentiation of vaccinated from naturally infected animals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Gene Deletion , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/immunology , Viral Proteins/genetics , Viral Proteins/immunology , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Herpesviridae Infections/prevention & control , Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/chemistry , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics , Immunoblotting , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Recombination, Genetic/genetics , Vaccines, Inactivated/genetics , Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology , Viral Vaccines/geneticsABSTRACT
Objetivos: Describir y comparar las características clínicas y demográficas asociadas con la readmisión temprana comparada con las asociadas a readmisiones tardías y las personas que tienen solo una hospitalización. Método: Se revisó de forma retrospectiva los registros clínicos de los pacientes admitidos en un servicio de psiquiatría en Santiago de Chile, desde el 1 de julio de 2001 hasta el 30 de junio de 2010. Se comparan y analizan las características de las hospitalizaciones asociadas con readmisión temprana, readmisión tardía y aquellos con sólo una admisión. Resultados: La readmisión temprana fue precedida por hospitalizaciones más cortas en comparación con los pacientes que tenían una readmisión tardía. No hubo diferencias de género y edad, pero cuando se comparan los diagnósticos entre el grupo sin readmisión v/s el grupo con reingresos, encontramos que los trastorno psicóticos y el trastorno bipolar tienen una mayor representación en el grupo de la readmisión tardía, y el trastorno bipolar en el caso de reingreso precoz. Conclusiones: La readmisión temprana estaría relacionada principalmente con las características particulares de la enfermedad en cada individuo y se agrupan en los trastornos que por su naturaleza tienden a ser más crónicos y recurrentes.
Aims: Describe and compare clinical and demographic characteristics associated with early readmissions compared with those associated with delayed rehospitalizations and individuals having only one hospitalization. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical and demographic records of all patients admitted to a psychiatric service in Santiago, Chile, from July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2010. We compare and analyze the characteristics of hospitalizations associated with early readmission, delayed readmision and no readmission. Results: Early readmission was preceded by shorter hospitalizations compared with patients who had a delayed admission in the period. There were no gender and age differences, but when comparing the diagnoses between the group without rehospitalization with the group with readmissions, we found that psychotic and bipolar disorder have greater representation in the group with delayed readmission, and bipolar disorder in the case of early readmission. Conclusions: Early readmission would be primarily related to the particular characteristics of each individual disease and disorders are grouped by their nature tend to be chronic and recurrent.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Mental Disorders , Patient Readmission , Length of Stay , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A series of Community Psychiatric Clinics were conducted in different blocks of Sundarban region of West Bengal. One of the primary objectives of this was to collect clinical epidemiological data on psychiatric morbidity in the region. A total of 26 clinics were conducted in Sagar, Kakdwip, Canning and Gosaba block of the Sundarban region during the period from end 1998 to end 2000. A total of 451 psychiatric cases with diagnostic categories (male 239, female 212) and 215 non-psychiatric cases (male 107 and female 108) were seen in these clinics. Diagnostic Interview Schedules (SCID) and Clinical rating scales like Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales were used to ascertain clinical diagnosis quantitatively. Special emphasis was given on common psychiatric disorders.
Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Needs AssessmentABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
A pilot study of 29 patients for research on clinical depression employed the framework of cultural epidemiology to examine illness-related experience, meaning, behaviour with a Bengali version of the explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC). This report examined patterns of distress and stigma with reference to the most troubling patient-specified symptom. All subjects were psychiatric outpatients in the Institute of Psychiatry, Calcutta, and met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV criteria for a major depressive episode. Only 5 patients (17.2%) identified sadness as the most troubling problem, and 48.3% specified pains and other somatic symptoms instead. An internally consistent stigma scale with Cronbach's alpha of .67, comprised 13 items, was used to assess stigma. In addition to the scale score for each subject, the contribution of each item was reported and compared. A suggestive, though not significantly lower value of the stigma score for patients reporting somatic symptoms as most troubling, compared with sadness, was consistent with findings from prior studies showing a positive relationship between the magnitude of depression and stigma. These findings are discussed with reference to their impact on recognition and help seeking among patients, and recognition and management of depression by general practitioner. Culturally distinctive presentations and social contexts of depression and other mental illnesses should be addressed in professional training and public health communications.
Subject(s)
Adult , Cultural Characteristics , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Developing Countries , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Prejudice , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The present work aims to study the cultural concepts of the health in general and mental health in particular from six villages of Sundarban region, West Bengal, India, by using field research methodology, viz, participants observation, focus group discussion and in depth interview. A qualitative data was collected from the field. Analysis of the data shows that there is a clear difference of conception among the people of the region according to their socio-economic status. Poor and non-educated segment stressed much more on the physical ability and lack of economic resources in relation to health, whereas educated and comparatively economically stable segment with some urban influence, stressed more on both physical and emotional stability as a measure of good health. The pattern of help seeking also reflects different preferences towards traditional and modern treatment facilities available in the region. Results on the study promoted to take intensive community awareness programme for effective health coverage of the population.